Monday, November 5, 2012
MEDICINE, BOTANY, BIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY: Latin, Greek, Old English, French, German ROOTS, PREFIXES, SUFFIXES
A
a = not, without
ab = from, opposite
abysso = extreme depths
acanth = spine
actin = ray
ad = to, toward
adipo = fat
affer = carry to, bear inward
ala = wing
alb = white
alve = pit, cavity
amnio = fetal sac
amphi = on both sides, both
ampulla = a flask
an = without
andr = male
aniso = opposite
ante = in front of
anthro = human
anti = opposite, against
aqua = water
arach = spider, spiderweb
arbor = tree
arch = primitive
arthro = joint
artio = even
asco = cup-like
-ase = an enzyme
aster = star
ater (atra) = black
aud = to hear, hearing
auto = self
avi = bird
B
basi = at the bottom
bathy = very deep
bdella = sucker
bio (bios) = life
bi (bis) = two
blast = germ
brachy = short
brady = slow
branch = gill
bronch = windpipe
bucca = cavity of mouth
bursa = pouch
C
caec = blind
caly = covering
campanula = bell
canth = spine
cap, capit = head
capill = hair
card = heart
carin = keel, breastbone
carn = flesh
-carp = spore case
case = blind
caud, cauda = tail
cephal, ceph = head
cera, cerat = horn
cerebr = brain
cerv = neck
cest = girdle
ceta = whale
chaet = bristle, spine
chel = claw
chlor = green
choan = funnel
chondr = cartilage
chord = cord
chrom = color
chrys = golden
cili = eyelash
cirri = small tentacle
clitor = to close
cloaca = sewer
cnid = nettle
coel = hollow
com = together
conch = shell
corn = horn
corp = body
crani = skull
crusta = crust, shell
crypt = hidden
cten = comb
cusp = lance, point
cuti = skin
-cuel = circular
cycl = circular
cyst = capsule
cyt = cell
D
-dae = family
dactyl = finger
de = from, away, down
deca = ten
demi = half
den = tooth
dendr = tree or bush
derm = skin
di = twice, second
dia = apart
digit = finger or toe
din = terrible or whirling
diplo = double
don = tooth
dors = back
duo = two, twice
E
-eal = pertaining to
echin = spiny
eco = house
ect = outside, outer
ef = away
effer = carry away
ejacul = throw out
embol = inserted
encephalon = brain
end = inner
engy = narrow
enter = inside
entom = an insect
epi = upon
erythr = red
esoph = gullet
eu = advanced, typical
eury = wide range of tolerance
ex = outside, from
extra = beyond
F
fasc = bundle
fenester = window
fer = to bear, carry
fili, fil = thread
flex = bend
foramen = opening (small)
foss = ditch
G
gam = marriage, a joining
gangli = knot in string
gaster = stomach
gangli = knot in string
gen = descent, generate; also knee, cheek, chin
glia = gluelike
gly = sugar-containing
glom = ball of yarn
gloss = tongue
gnath = jaw
gon = seed, begetting
gymn = naked
gyn = female
H
haem = blood
hali = salt-tolerant
helminth = worm
hemi = half
hepat = liver
herp = creeping
hetero = different or other
hex = six
histo = tissue
holo = complete
hom = like
homo = the same; human, man
hyal = glasslike
hydr = water
hyper = high activity, above, over
hypo = low activity, below, under
I
ichth = fish
-ida = like
-idia = little
insect = to cut in, divide
inter = between
intra = inside, within
iso = equal
itis = inflammation of
K
kary = fusion
kin = moving
L
lab = lip
lacuna = space, void
lamella = leaf layer
lepi = scale
-lemma = membrane
leuc = white
liga = to tie together
lith = stone
log, logia = treatise, study
lumen = cavity
lumin = light-producing
lutea = yellow
lys = to kill; a dissolution
M
macro = great, large
macula = spot
magni = large
mastig = whip
major = larger
mamma = breast
maxilla = upper jaw
medull = marrow
mela = dark
mening = membrane
meno = single
mer = part, unit
meso = middle
meta = after
micro = small
mit = thread
moll = soft
mono = single, one
morph = form
muco = slimy, mucus
multi = many
mus = mouse
myce (myco) = fungus
myo = muscle
myst = moustache
N
nao = dwarf
narc = drugged, drug-like
necro = death
nema = thread
nephr = kidney
neur = nerve
nidus = nest
nom = law
node = thickened area
noto = back
nudi = naked
O
odont = tooth
-oid = like
olfact = smelling
oligo = few
oment = fatty skin
omm = eye
oo = egg
opthalm = eye
opercul = little cover
ophi = snake
opt = eye, vision
orb = circle
oral = mouth
ornith = bird
ortho = straight
os, osti = mouth
-ose = a sugar
-osis = increase of
oss (ost) = bone
ostrac = shell
oti, (oto) = ear
ovum = egg
P
pachy = thick
palae = ancient
-palmate = webbed
papil = nipple
par = birth
para = beside, near
pariet = wall
parv = small
pect = breast
ped = foot
peduncl = little foot
pelecy = hatchet
penis = tail, penis
pente = five
peri = around
perisso = odd
perenni = permanent, enduring, all year
petr = rock
phaeo = brown
phago = eat
phil = loving, liking
phob = fearing
phor = carry
photo = light
phragm = fence, partition
phyl = tribe, group
phyll = leaf
physa = bladder
physio = nature
phyte, phyto = plant
pil = hair
pinna = feather
pino = to drink
plac = plate, tablet.
plan = flat, plane
plantar = sole of foot
plasm = fluid, forming
plast = rod-shaped body
platy = flat, broad
pleio = multiple
pleur = side
plex = interwoven
plica = fold
-ploid = chromosome
plume = feather
pneumo = air, breathing
pod = foot
poly = many
pollex = thumb
pons = bridge
porta = gate
post = behind, after
pre = before
prim = first
pro = in front, toward
process = to project from
proct = anus
profund = deep
proto = first
prox = nearby
pseud = false
ptero = wing, fin
pulmo = lung
pychn = pressure
pyg = rump, buttocks
Q
quad = four
quar = four
quat = four
quint = five
R
rami = branch
renal = kidney
rete = little net
retro = back, backward
rhabd = rod
rhach = spine
rhage = tear, rent
rhin = nose
rhiz = root
rhodo = red
rhomb = square
rhynch = snout
rodo, rode = gnaw
rostrum = beak, prow
rota = turn, wheel
S
sacch = sugar
saggi = mid-line
sapr = decaying matter
sarc = flesh
saur = lizard
scaph = hollow
schizo = cleft, split
scler = hard
scrot = pouch
scut = shield
scypho = cup
-sect = cut
semi = half, part
sept = seven, wall
ser = fluid on body
serra = saw
set = bristle
sex = six
sinus = hollow
sol = sun
soma = body
-spanch = viscera
sperm = seed, semen
sphict, sphinct = closing
spira = coiling
splanch = viscera
sporo = spore-producing
squam = scale, flattened
steg = covering
stell = star
sten = narrow
stom = mouth
striat = marked with a furrow
striet = narrow bands
styl = column
sub = under, below
sulc = groove, furrow
super = above
syn (sym) = together, partnership
T
tachy = fast
tact = touch
taenia = band, ribbon
tax = to arrange
teleo = complete, perfect
tele = far end
tenia = band, ribbon
tentacul = holding
terti = third
test = shell
testis = male gonad
tetra = four
theca = case
thermo = heat
thero = beast, mammal
thromb = clot
tom = piece or section, cut
toti = all, total
trach = tube
trans = across
trema = hole
tri = three
trich = hair
trop = turning
troph = food, feeding
tympan = drum
U
ultra = beyond
unc = hook
ungul = hoof, claw
uni = one, single
uro = tail, excretory, urine
uter = womb
V
vagina = sheath
vague, vagus = wandering
venter = belly
verm = worm
vesti = rudimentary
vita = life
vitell = yolk
vitro = glass
viv = alive
volv = turning, womb
vors, vora = devour
X
xero = drought-tolerant
xyl = wood
Z
zon = girdle
zoo (zoa) = animal
zyg = yoke
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